Introduction

Calorimetric studies assessing the safety and thermal runaway potential of Lithium batteries have focussed on heat release. Much work has been presented from ARC testing. The ARC can measure pressure equally well assuming the test is carried out suitably. However in the case of a battery, there are two possibilities; external and internal pressure. The battery, being self contained, will show no external pressure until release of a venting disc or disintegration. The gas released will react with oxygen in the environment. Such tests may simply be carried out by enclosing the battery in a pressure-tight holder.

Earlier reported tests used a heavy close fitting container. Such a holder compromises thermal data and might explode upon rapid gas release. The usefulness of this data might be questioned since there would be no pressure rise from the start of the test until battery ‘opening’ occurs and then there would be a simple single rapid pressure rise. Perhaps of more interest is the development of internal pressure, how this increases with temperature and the temperature and pressure that can be withstood before opening.

For the first time we report calorimetric (thermal and pressure) data and though not shown here associated electrical data (voltage) can be recorded throughout the test. Tests have been carried out with ‘specimen’ 18650 batteries. For the test protocol, minor modifications are necessary to the ARC and to the battery itself. Here is reported the set up protocol, the experimentation and results.

References :

ARC Technical Information Sheet No. 069, Thermal Hazard Technology, UK

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