Germanium Evaporation Materials Description Germanium is a brittle grayish-white semi-metallic element. It is not found naturally on Earth in its native state due to its high reactivity. However, Germanium can be commercially obtained from zinc ores, certain coals, argyrodite, and germanite. It is used as a semiconductor in transistors, solar cells, and optical related materials. Germanium has a density of 5.35 g/cc, a melting point of 937°C, and a vapor pressure of 10-4 Torr at 1,167°C. It is classified on the periodic table as a metalloid, which means it possesses properties of metals and non-metals. Like silicon, germanium is a semiconductor and frequently utilized in the fabrication of transistors and integrated circuits. High purity germanium evaporation materials play a huge role in deposition processes to ensure high quality deposited film. Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM) specializes in producing up to 99.999% purity germanium evaporation materials using quality assurance processes to guarantee product reliability. Germanium Evaporation Materials Specification Material Type Germanium Symbol Ge Color/Appearance Grayish White, Semi-Metallic Melting Point 973 °C Sputter RF, DC Density 5.32 g/cc Thermal Conductivity 60 W/m.K Synonyms Ge Pellets, Ge Pieces, Ge Evaporation Pellet, Germanium Pellets, Germanium Pieces, Germanium Evaporation Pellet Germanium Evaporation Materials Application • Used in deposition processes including semiconductor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) • Used for optics including wear protection, decorative coatings, and displays. Germanium Evaporation Materials Packaging Our germanium evaporation materials are carefully handled to prevent damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition.

Erbium Evaporation Materials Description Erbium is one of the rare earth elements among Lanthanide series. Pure Erbium metal is malleable, soft, and fairly stable in air. Erbium ions fluoresce pink light are used in imaging and optical applications. Erbium oxidizes slower than some other rare-earth metals and has a high electrical resistivity. It is typically found in small quantities and in combination with other rare earths. As a pure metal, Erbium has limited applications, however, it can be used as an alloying element with titanium. High-purity erbium evaporation materials play a huge role in deposition processes to ensure high-quality deposited film. Stanford Materials Corporation (SMC) specializes in producing up to 99.9% purity erbium evaporation materials using quality assurance processes to guarantee product reliability. Erbium Evaporation Materials Specification Material Type Erbium Symbol Er Color/Appearance Silvery White, Metallic Melting Point 1,529 °C Thermal Conductivity 15 W/m.K Density 9.05 g/cc Synonyms Er Pellets, Er Pieces, Er Evaporation Pellet, Erbium Pellets, Erbium Pieces, Erbium Evaporation Pellet Erbium Evaporation Materials Applications • Used in deposition processes including semiconductor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) • Used for optics including wear protection, decorative coatings, and displays. Erbium Evaporation Materials Packing Our erbium evaporation materials are carefully handled to prevent damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition.

Europium Evaporation Materials Description Europium is a rare earth element that originated in Europe. Europium is the most reactive lanthanide and also the softest lanthanide element. High-purity europium evaporation materials play a huge role in deposition processes to ensure high-quality deposited film. Stanford Materials Corporation (SMC) specializes in producing up to 99.9% purity europium evaporation materials using quality assurance processes to guarantee product reliability. Europium Evaporation Materials Specification Material Type Europium Symbol Eu Color/Appearance Silvery White, Metallic Melting Point 822 °C Density 5.26 g/cc Synonyms Er Pellets, Er Pieces, Er Evaporation Pellet, Europium Pellets, Europium Pieces, Europium Evaporation Pellet Europium Evaporation Materials Applications • Used in deposition processes including semiconductor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) • Used for optics including wear protection, decorative coatings, and displays. Europium Evaporation Materials Packaging Our Europium evaporation materials are carefully handled to prevent damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition.

Holmium Evaporation Materials Description Holmium metal is a soft and malleable rare earth element. It is fairly corrosion-resistant and stable in dry air at standard temperature and pressure, but easily oxidizes in moist air. Holmium has the highest magnetic moment of the naturally occurring elements, and forms highly magnetic compounds when alloyed with yttrium. At ambient conditions, Holmium is paramagnetic. High-purity holmium evaporation materials play a huge role in deposition processes to ensure high-quality deposited film. Stanford Materials Corporation (SMC) specializes in producing up to 99.95% purity holmium evaporation materials using quality assurance processes to guarantee product reliability. Holmium Evaporation Materials Specification Material Type Holmium Symbol Ho Color/Appearance Silvery White, Metallic Melting Point 1,474°C Density 8.8 g/cc Thermal Conductivity 16 W/m.K Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 11.2 x 10-6/K Synonyms Ho Pellets, Ho Pieces, Ho Evaporation Pellet, Holmium Pellets, Holmium Pieces, Holmium Evaporation Pellet Holmium Evaporation Materials Application • Used in deposition processes including semiconductor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) • Used for optics including wear protection, decorative coatings, and displays. Holmium Evaporation Materials Packaging Our holmium evaporation materials are carefully handled to prevent damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition.

Lanthanum Evaporation Materials Description Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air. High purity lanthanum evaporation materials play a huge role in deposition processes to ensure high-quality deposited film. Stanford Materials Corporation (SMC) specializes in producing up to 99.9% purity lanthanum evaporation materials using quality assurance processes to guarantee product reliability. Lanthanum Evaporation Materials Specification Material Type Lanthanum Symbol La Color/Appearance Solid Melting Point 927 °C Density 7.3 g/cc Thermal Conductivity 6.17 W/m.K Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 12.1 x 10-6/K Synonyms La Pellets, La Pieces, La Evaporation Pellet, Lanthanum Pellets, Lanthanum Pieces, Lanthanum Evaporation Pellet Lanthanum Evaporation Materials Application • Used in deposition processes including semiconductor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) • Used for optics including wear protection, decorative coatings, and displays. Lanthanum Evaporation Materials Packaging Our lanthanum evaporation materials are carefully handled to prevent damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition.

Neodymium Evaporation Material Description Neodymium is a silver-white metal. It is one of the most active rare earth metals. It has a melting point of 1024°C, a density of 7.004g/cm³, and is magnetic. Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet and neodymium glass can substitute ruby as laser materials, and neodymium and praseodymium glass can be used as goggles. High-purity neodymium evaporation materials play a huge role in deposition processes to ensure high-quality deposited film. Stanford Materials Corporation (SMC) specializes in producing up to 99.95% purity neodymium evaporation materials using quality assurance processes to guarantee product reliability. Neodymium Evaporation Material Specification Material Type Neodymium Symbol Nd Color/Appearance Silvery, Metallic Melting Point 1244°C Density ~7.3 g/cm3 Thermal Conductivity 0.0781 W/cm/K @ 25 °C Synonyms Nd Pellets, Nd Pieces, Nd Evaporation Pellet, Neodymium Pellets, Neodymium Pieces, Neodymium Evaporation Pellet Neodymium Evaporation Material Application • Used in deposition processes including semiconductor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) • Used for optics including wear protection, decorative coatings, and displays. Neodymium Evaporation Material Packaging Our neodymium evaporation materials are carefully handled to prevent damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition.

Praseodymium Evaporation Material Description Praseodymium is a metal element with an atomic number of 59, which is a rare earth metal. The corrosion resistance of praseodymium in the air is stronger than that of lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and europium. One of the uses of praseodymium is for the catalytic cracking of petroleum. Its neodymium praseodymium form enrichment is added to a Y-type zeolite molecular sieve to prepare a petroleum-cracking catalyst, which can improve the activity, selectivity, and stability of the catalyst. High purity Praseodymium evaporation materials play a huge role in deposition processes to ensure high-quality deposited film. Stanford Materials Corporation (SMC) specializes in producing up to 99.9% purity praseodymium evaporation materials using quality assurance processes to guarantee product reliability. Praseodymium Evaporation Material Specification Material Type Praseodymium Symbol Pr Color/Appearance Silvery White Melting Point 935 °C Density 935 °C Thermal Conductivity 1.25 W/cm·K Electrical Resistivity 0.7 µΩ-m Synonyms Pr Pellets, Pr Pieces, Pr Evaporation Pellet, Praseodymium Pellets, Praseodymium Pieces, Praseodymium Evaporation Pellet Praseodymium Evaporation Material Application • Used in deposition processes including semiconductor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) • Used for optics including wear protection, decorative coatings, and displays. Praseodymium Evaporation Material Packaging Our Praseodymium evaporation materials are carefully handled to prevent damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition.

Molybdenum Aluminum Evaporation Materials Description Molybdenum Aluminum Evaporation Materials refer to a type of material used in thin film deposition processes, particularly in vacuum deposition techniques like physical vapor deposition (PVD) or thermal evaporation. The material is composed of a mixture of molybdenum (Mo) and aluminum (Al) in a specific ratio, typically in the form of pellets, granules, or thin sheets. These evaporation materials are heated in a high-vacuum environment, causing the atoms to vaporize and condense onto a substrate surface, forming a thin film. Molybdenum aluminum films have various applications, including corrosion resistance coatings, diffusion barriers, composite materials, light reflection coatings, and reflective mirrors for wavelengths from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR). Additionally, these evaporation materials can be alloyed with other elements, such as silicon (Si) or titanium (Ti), to enhance their properties and expand their range of applications. Molybdenum Aluminum Evaporation Materials Specifications Material Molybdenum Aluminum (Mo/Al) Purity 99.9% ~ 99.95% Shape Powder/ Granule/ Custom-made Composition Customized Molybdenum Aluminum Evaporation Materials Applications Molybdenum Aluminum Evaporation Materials are commonly used in industries like electronics, optics, and coatings. They are heated in a vacuum chamber until they reach their vaporization temperature. Molybdenum aluminum films have various applications, including corrosion resistance coatings, diffusion barriers, composite materials, light reflection coatings, and reflective mirrors for wavelengths from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR). Additionally, these evaporation materials can be alloyed with other elements, such as silicon (Si) or titanium (Ti), to enhance their properties and expand their range of applications. Molybdenum Aluminum Evaporation Materials Packaging Our Molybdenum Aluminum Evaporation Materials is carefully handled during storage and transportation to preserve the quality of our product in its original condition.

Nickel Chromium Aluminum (Ni/Cr/Al) Evaporation Materials Description Nickel Chromium Aluminum (Ni/Cr/Al) Evaporation Materials are thin films produced by the process of evaporation. These materials are typically used in high-temperature applications such as the production of electrical heating elements, thermocouples, and resistance wires. Ni/Cr/Al Evaporation Materials have excellent resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, making them ideal for applications where prolonged exposure to heat is required. They also have good mechanical properties, enabling them to withstand high-stress conditions. These materials are commonly used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and power generation, where they play a crucial role in the production of key components. They are known for their stability, durability, and high-temperature performance, making them suitable for a wide range of applications that require heat resistance and long-term reliability. Nickel Chromium Aluminum (Ni/Cr/Al) Evaporation Materials Specifications Material Nickel Chromium Aluminum (Ni/Cr/Al) Purity 99.9% ~ 99.95% Shape Powder/ Granule/ Custom-made Composition Customized Nickel Chromium Aluminum (Ni/Cr/Al) Evaporation Materials Applications 1. Thin-Film Coatings: Ni/Cr/Al can be evaporated onto various substrates to form thin films with desirable characteristics such as high-temperature oxidation resistance, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. These thin films find applications in industries like aerospace, energy, electronics, and automotive. 2. Thermal Barriers: Ni/Cr/Al thin films are often used as thermal barrier coatings to protect components from extreme temperatures. These coatings help improve the overall efficiency and performance of gas turbines, jet engines, and other high-temperature applications. 3. Semiconductor Devices: Ni/Cr/Al is employed as a material for heater elements in vacuum deposition systems used for thin-film deposition in semiconductor manufacturing. The high-temperature stability of NiCrAl allows it to provide uniform heating during the deposition process. 4. Resistive Heating Elements: Ni/Cr/Al wires or foils are commonly used as resistive heating elements in a variety of applications such as electric furnaces, heating mats, appliances, and industrial heating equipment. 5. Electrical Contacts: Due to its excellent electrical conductivity, NiCrAl is used in electrical contacts for various electronic devices. It helps ensure reliable electrical connections and prevents corrosion and degradation of contact surfaces. 6. Thermal Spray Coatings: Ni/Cr/Al is used as a feedstock material for thermal spray coating techniques like flame spraying and plasma spraying. These coatings are applied to surfaces for protection against corrosion, wear, and high-temperature environments. 7. High-Temperature Sensors: Ni/Cr/Al thin films can be utilized for the fabrication of high-temperature sensors to measure temperature in extreme environments, such as gas turbines or industrial furnaces. Nickel Chromium Aluminum (Ni/Cr/Al) Evaporation Materials Packaging Our Nickel Chromium Aluminum (Ni/Cr/Al) Evaporation Materials is carefully handled during storage and transportation to preserve the quality of our product in its original condition.

Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials Description Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials refer to thin films or coatings made from a combination of tantalum and aluminum, typically used in vacuum evaporation processes. These materials are used in various applications, including the semiconductor industry for thin film deposition, optical coatings, and research and development. Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials offer certain advantages in terms of their physical and chemical properties. Tantalum is known for its high melting point (over 3,000°C), excellent corrosion resistance, and high thermal stability. Aluminum, on the other hand, has a much lower melting point but provides good electrical conductivity and can improve the stability and adhesion of the film formed. By combining tantalum and aluminum, the resulting film can have improved properties compared to individual materials. The composition ratio of tantalum and aluminum can be adjusted to meet specific requirements, such as desired film thickness, adhesion strength, or electrical conductivity. Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials Specifications Material Tantalum Aluminum (Ta/Al) Purity 99.9% ~ 99.95% Shape Powder/ Granule/ Custom-made Composition Customized Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials Applications 1. Thin Film Deposition: Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials are used in the process of thin film deposition, where the material is heated to its boiling point and then condensed onto a substrate to form a thin film. This process is extensively used in the semiconductor industry for the production of integrated circuits, optical coatings, and other electronic devices. 2. Capacitors: Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials are utilized in the production of capacitors, particularly in tantalum capacitor manufacturing. Tantalum capacitors have high capacitance and stability, making them suitable for a wide range of electronic applications, including telecommunications, automotive, and computer electronics. 3. Superconductors: Tantalum aluminum compounds can be used to fabricate superconducting materials that exhibit zero electrical resistance at low temperatures. These materials are employed in various scientific and technological applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, particle accelerators, and fusion reactors. 4. Optical Coatings: Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials are utilized in the manufacturing of optical coatings, which are deposited on glass or other transparent substrates to enhance their optical properties. These coatings find application in lenses, mirrors, filters, and other optical components in industries like aerospace, defense, and telecommunications. 5. Corrosion Resistance: Tantalum aluminum alloys possess excellent corrosion resistance properties, making them suitable for use in chemical processing equipment, heat exchangers, and other applications where resistance to aggressive environments is crucial. 6. Electronics: Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials are used in various electronic devices, including transistors, sensors, and resistors. These materials help improve the efficiency, durability, and performance of such electronic components. 7. Energy Storage: Tantalum aluminum alloys have been investigated for their potential use in energy storage applications, such as rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. They offer high energy density, long cycle life, and fast charging capabilities, making them ideal for emerging energy storage technologies. Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials Packaging Our Tantalum Aluminum Evaporation Materials is carefully handled during storage and transportation to preserve the quality of our product in its original condition.