Analysis of Drinking, Natural and Effluent Waters
Spectrum analyzer EMIS-2
OES analyzer EMIS-2 is intended for determination of qualitative and quantitative composition of aquatic environments containing admixtures of various components: Na, Mg, Ca, Al, K, Cu, Zn ,Ba, Sr, Ag, Ni, Cd, Co, Pb and others. We are ready to expand this range of analytics by customers demand.
The analyzer’s scope of application are water treatment systems at water supply facilities of populated areas, in nuclear, thermal power and chemical industries, in food industry process, in environmental monitoring of environmental media and in other areas for compliance with SanPiN 4630-88 “Sanitary rules and regulations for protection of surface water and pollutions”, SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 “Drinking water. Hygienic requirements to water quality of central drinking water supply systems. Quality control”. The analyzer detects emission lines of elements in the liquid stream in the visible and UV area.
OES analyzer EMIS-2 may be successfully used for solution of various analytical tasks in the following applications:
- real-time environmental monitoring of the water body condition (fresh- and salt-water bodies);
- optimization of operation of de-salination plants, fine de-salination plants and composition control of make-up water for heat-insulating loops;
- real-time hardness and chemical composition control of the natural source water to enhance the water treatment efficiency (fresh- and salt-water bodies);
- quality control of preliminary treatment with clarifiers, filters and softening plants;
- treated wastewater control;
- composition control of the water used in utility systems, including drinking water;
- using as part of measurement systems and special-purpose laboratories along with other analytical equipment.
X-ray fluorescence energy dispersive general purpose spectrometer BRA-135F
Maximum admissible concentrations (MAC) of toxic metal in drinking waters are given in Table.
| Element | Ni | Cu | Zn | As | Se | Sr | Cd | Ba | Hg | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAC, mg/dm3 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 7.0 | 0.03 | 1.0 | 0.001 | 0.01 |
As it follows from the table, these concentrations are very low for most elements, and almost all of them have been regulated by the relevant GOST until recently. Methods of these GOSTs is based on atomic absorption, atomic emission, or photocolorimetry.
But there are measurement methods for determination of weigh fractions of V, Bi, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn concentrations in drinking, natural and effluent waters by the X-ray fluorescence method after concentrating on cellulose DETATA filters, using XSFA. Table contains the data on metrological characteristics of some such methods.
| Component | Measurement range | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Water (mg/dm3) | Air (mg/dm3) | Soil (mg/kg) | |
| Chrome | 0.01 - 1.0 | 0.0005 – 1.0 | 3.0 – 10.0 |
| Ferrum | 0.005 – 1.0 | 0.005 – 1.0 | Not controlled |
| Bismuth | 0.005 – 1.0 | 0.0005 – 1.0 | Not controlled |
| Manganese | 0.005 – 1.0 | 0.0005 – 1.0 | 300 – 1500 |
| Cobalt | 0.005 – 1.0 | .0005 – 1.0 | 2.0 – 10.0 |
| Nickel | 0.005 – 1.0 | 0.0001 - 1.0 | 2.0 - 8.0 |
| Copper | 0.005 – 1.0 | 0.0005 – 1.0 | 1.5 – 6.0 |
| Lead | 0.005 – 1.0 | 0.0001- 1.0 | 3.0 – 10.0 |
| Zinc | 0.005 – 1.0 | 0.005 – 1.0 | 10.0 – 40.0 |
| Mercury | 0.005 – 0.1 | Not controlled | 1.0 – 4.0 |
Note. Air analysis requires air filter burning and residual solution. As for soils, both analysis of moving forms and determination of total content (after sample solution) are possible.
These data have been obtained for the wave dispersion spectrometer but the same results are applicable to BRA-135 due to its high sensitivity
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